1. Once there lived a grasshopper and an ant. The ant was hardworking. (a) – – – – – grasshopper was lazy. (b) – – – – -, he idled away his time dancing and sleeping. (c) – – – – -, he sometimes advised the ant not to work so hard. (d) – – – – -, the ant paid no heed to the grasshopper. (e) – – – – -, he continued to work hard gathering food for the coming winter. (f) – – – – -, winter came, covering everything with snow. The surface of the earth went under the snow-cover. (g) – – – – -, the grasshopper could not find any food. (h) – – – – -, he had nothing in stock. (i) – – – – -, he went to the ant for help. The ant gave him some food for the day. (j) – – – – -, the long winter was ahead, and the grasshopper was really worried about his survival. [DB 22]
2. Mobile phones are one of the most commonly used gadgets in today’s world. (a) – – – – – , mobile phones have made our life easy and convenient. (b) – – – – – , they are a blessing till we use them judiciously. (c) – – – – -, they are very beneficial; they have some disadvantages. (d) – – – – – , excessive use of the device acts as a barrier to quality communication. (e) – – – – -, mobile phones waste a lot of time. (f) – – – – -, they are the causes of many ailments such as weak eyesight, strain on the brain, headaches, dry eyes, sleeplessness and more. (g) – – – – -, they have created a lack of privacy in people’s lives. (h) – – – – -, we see how the device is both a boon and a bane. (i) – – – – -, we must not let mobile phones control our lives. (j) – – – – -, we must know when to draw the line. [CB 22]
3. Air is an important element of our environment. (a) – – – – -, clean air is essential for our life. (b) – – – – -, air is polluted in many ways. (c) – – – – -, one thing that pollutes the air is smoke. Smoke is produced from different sources. (d) – – – – -, we make fire to cook food and it creates smoke. (e) – – – – -, buses and trucks plying in the roads emit smoke. (f) – – – – -, the burning of coal in the railway engine also produces smoke. (g) – – – – -, the mills and factories also produce a huge amount of smoke. (h) – – – – -, melt tar for road constructions which produces black smoke (i) – – – – -, all these smokes mix with the air and pollute it. (j) – – – – -, smoke from different sources is causing serious harm to our environment. [RB 22]
4. Drug addiction is a great curse of the present world. (a) – – – – -, a few things were used as drugs. (b) – – – – -, the number of drugs has increased. (c) – – – – -, cocaine, marijuana, opium, heroine, morphine, etc. (d) – – – – -, offer another world to the addicted ones. (e) – – – – -, they do not know that this addiction destroys the inner part of the body of addicted persons. (f) – – – – – , why do many people take drugs? The reasons are many. (g) – – – – -, some people are tempted by their so-called friends to have a taste of a drug. (h) – – – – -, they are trapped forever. (i) – – – – -, some people take drugs to forget the frustration of their life. (j) – – – – -, those who become drug addicts cannot live a normal life. [JB 22]
5. Trees are a vital part of our environment. (a) – – – – -, they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) – – – – -, we are not careful about them. (c) – – – – -, we destroy trees at random. (d) – – – – -, one day the country will bear the consequences of the greenhouse effect. (e) – – – – -, ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on agriculture. (f) – – – – -, trees play a vital role on our climate, (g) – – – – -, trees keep the soil strong. (h) – – – – -, trees save us from floods. (i) – – – – – , trees provide us timber which is of great use especially in construction work and for making furniture. (j) – – – – -, trees are our best friend. [SB 22]
6. Mobile phones have added a new dimension to our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a) – – – – -, it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day-to-day communication. (b) – – – – -, it has been a part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) – – – – -, the mobile phone is not free from defects. It has some negative sides as well. (d) – – – – -, excessive use of mobile phones may damage our hearing power. (e) – – – – -, it is a means of money wastage. (f) – – – – -, it is seen that many underground crimes are being done with the use of mobile networks. (g) – – – – -, the radiation from mobile phones may cause cancer to the users. (h) – – – – -, we are aware of these harmful effects. (i) – – – – -, we are not aware of using the mobile phone. (j) – – – – -, we must be conscious of the negative impact of mobile phones. [BB 22, DB 17]
7. We want success (a) – – – – -, prosperity in life. (b) – – – – -, we do not do what is needed in achieving these. (c) – – – – -, we want to make our life glorious, we must follow some rules. (d) – – – – -, we have to be industrious. (e) – – – – –, without hard work, success in life is impossible. (f) – – – – –, we should be sincere in our activities. Some people think that good luck is at the root of all achievements in life. (g) – – – – -, to them nothing is further from the truth than it. (h) – – – – -, every success in life depends totally on our activities. (i) – – – – -, we spend time in idleness, we must suffer. (j) – – – – -, we should be honest in life because this virtue helps us greatly to gain our goals. [CtgB 22]
8. Luna looks intelligent. (a) – – – – -, she works hard on her studies. (b) – – – – -, she seems to have poor test-taking skills. (c) – – – – -, she often does badly in the exam. (d) – – – – – , she repeatedly makes some strategic mistakes during a written test. (e) – – – – –, she starts off really slowly. This initial slowness forces her to write too hurriedly towards the end, resulting in spelling and other mistakes. (f) – – – – -, her answers are often too long. (g) – – – – -, she sometimes has to leave some questions unanswered because of time constraints. (h) – – – – -, she never starts with the easier questions as other students do. (i) – – – – -, she answers questions sequentially beginning from the first one. (j) – – – – -, these impractical habits of hers lead to poor time management during the exam. [DnjB 22]
9. The old sailor spoke so strangely (a) – – – – – the guest stood still. The feast began (b) – – – – – the guest could hear the music and laughter, (c) – – – – – for some reason, he could not join the others. The old man told him about his last journey to the sea. They had sailed away to the south (d) – – – – – they had arrived in the cold grey sea. (e) – – – – – the sea was frozen. (f) – – – – – the ice was all around them. The big sails opened wide (g) – – – – – the strong wind blew them quickly through the icy waters. The weather was very cold. (h) – – – – -, there were no birds and animals in that snow-covered country. But one day the sailors saw an albatross flying towards the ship. All men were very pleased to see it, and they gave it food and water. It came to the ship every day (i) – – – – – they called it. (j) – – – – – one day, the old sailor killed the bird, and after that, everyone had to undergo terrible suffering. [MB 22]
Answers:
1. Once there lived a grasshopper and an ant. The ant was hardworking. (a) But (বিপরীত স্বভাব বোঝাতে) grasshopper was lazy. (b) So, (আগের বাক্যের সাথে ফল বোঝাতে) he idled away his time dancing and sleeping. (c) Moreover, (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য যোগ করতে) he sometimes advised the ant not to work so hard. (d) However, (বিপরীত প্রতিক্রিয়া বোঝাতে) the ant paid no heed to the grasshopper. (e) Rather, (আগের ঘটনাকে উল্টে দেওয়া বোঝাতে) he continued to work hard gathering food for the coming winter. (f) Then, (পরবর্তী ঘটনা বোঝাতে) winter came, covering everything with snow. The surface of the earth went under the snow-cover. (g) As a result, (আগের ঘটনার ফলাফল বোঝাতে) the grasshopper could not find any food. (h) Besides, (আরও একটি নেতিবাচক তথ্য যোগ করতে) he had nothing in stock. (i) So, (সিদ্ধান্ত বোঝাতে) he went to the ant for help. The ant gave him some food for the day. (j) Because (কারণ বোঝাতে) the long winter was ahead, and the grasshopper was really worried about his survival. [DB 22]
2. Mobile phones are one of the most commonly used gadgets in today’s world. (a) In fact, (আগেরর তথ্যের উপর জোর দিতে) mobile phones have made our life easy and convenient. (b) However, (সীমাবদ্ধতা বোঝাতে) they are a blessing till we use them judiciously. (c) Though, (দুটি ভিন্ন তথ্য এক সাথে বোঝাতে) they are very beneficial; they have some disadvantages. (d) For example, (উদাহরণ দিতে) excessive use of the device acts as a barrier to quality communication. (e) Moreover, (বাড়তি তথ্য যোগ করতে) mobile phones waste a lot of time. (f) In addition, (আরও সমস্যা যোগ করতে) they are the causes of many ailments such as weak eyesight, strain on the brain, headaches, dry eyes, sleeplessness and more. (g) Besides, (আরও একটি সমস্যা যোগ করতে) they have created a lack of privacy in people’s lives. (h) Thus, (এই ভাবে আমরা দেখতে পাচ্ছি) we see how the device is both a boon and a bane. (i) Therefore, (তাই) we must not let mobile phones control our lives. (j) So, (শেষ সিদ্ধান্ত বোঝাতে) we must know when to draw the line. [CB 22]
3. Air is an important element of our environment. (a) In fact, (তথ্যের উপর জোর দিতে) clean air is essential for our life. (b) However, (বিপরীত তথ্য বোঝাতে) air is polluted in many ways. (c) Like/And, (দূষনের কারনের বর্ণনা শুরু বোঝাতে) one thing that pollutes the air is smoke. Smoke is produced from different sources. (d) Firstly (কারণ), we make fire to cook food and it creates smoke. (e) Secondly, (কারণ) buses and trucks plying in the roads emit smoke. (f) Besides, (একই ধরণের অতিরিক্ত তথ্য) the burning of coal in the railway engine also produces smoke. (g) Thirdly, (কারণ) the mills and factories also produce a huge amount of smoke. (h) Furthermore, (আরও অতিরিক্ত তথ্য) melt tar for road constructions which produces black smoke (i) As a result, (ফল স্বরূপ) all these smokes mix with the air and pollute it. (j) Thus/So, (উপসংহার বোঝাতে) smoke from different sources is causing serious harm to our environment. [RB 22]
4. Drug addiction is a great curse of the present world. (a) In the past/ Previously, (অতীতের ঘটনা বোঝাতে) a few things were used as drugs. (b) But nowadays (কিন্তু বর্তমান সময়ে বোঝাতে) the number of drugs has increased. (c) For example, (উদাহরণ দিতে) cocaine, marijuana, opium, heroine, morphine, etc. (d) These drugs, (আগের তথ্যের সাথে সংযোগ রাখতে) offer another world to the addicted ones. (e) But, (বিপরীত তথ্য উপস্থাপন করতে) they do not know that this addiction destroys the inner part of the body of addicted persons. (f) Then, why do many people take drugs? The reasons are many. (g) Firstly, (প্রথম কারণ) some people are tempted by their so-called friends to have a taste of a drug. (h) As a result, (আগের বাক্যের ফল বোঝাতে) they are trapped forever. (i) Secondly, (দ্বীতীয় কারণ) some people take drugs to forget the frustration of their life. (j) Thus, (উপসংহার টানতে) those who become drug addicts cannot live a normal life. [JB 22]
5. Trees are a vital part of our environment. (a) In fact, (তথ্যের উপরে জোর দিতে) they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) But (বিপরীত ঘটনা) we are not careful about them. (c) Rather, (পরিবর্তে) we destroy trees at random. (d) As a result, (ফল বোঝাতে) one day the country will bear the consequence of the greenhouse effect. (e) Since (যেহেতু, কারণ বোঝাতে) ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on agriculture. (f) Besides (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য) trees play a vital role on our climate, (g) Moreover, (আরও একটি অতিরিক্ত তথ্য) trees keep the soil strong. (h) In addition, (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য বোঝাতে) trees save us from floods. (i) Furthermore, (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য বোঝাতে) trees provide us timber which is of great use especially in construction work and for making furniture. (j) So/Therefore (উপসংহার বোঝাতে) trees are our best friend. [SB 22]
6. Mobile phones have added a new dimension to our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a) Besides, (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য বোঝাতে) it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day-to-day communication. (b) In fact, (আগের তথ্যের উপরে জোর দিতে) it has been a part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) But (আগের বাক্যের বিপরীত বোঝাতে) the mobile phone is not free from defect. It has some negative sides as well. (d) Firstly, (প্রথম ইফেক্ট বোঝাতে) excessive use of mobile phones may damage our hearing power. (e) Secondly, (দ্বিতীয় ইফেক্ট বোঝাতে) it is a means of money wastage. (f) Thirdly, (তৃতীয় ইফেক্ট বোঝাতে) it is seen that many underground crimes are being done with the use of mobile networks. (g) Finally, (শেষ ইফেক্ট) বোঝাতে the radiation from mobile phones may cause cancer to the users. (h) Generally, (সাধারণ ঘটনা বোঝাতে) we are aware of these harmful effects. (i) But, (আগের তথ্যের বিপরীত) we are not aware of using the mobile phone. (j) Therefore, (উপসংহার বোঝাতে) we must be conscious of the negative impact of mobile phones. [BB 22, DB 17]
7. We want success (a) and (দুটি বিষয় একসাথে বোঝাতে) prosperity in life. (b) But (বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশ করতে) we do not do what is needed in achieving these. (c) If (শর্ত বোঝাতে) we want to make our life glorious, we must follow some rules. (d) First of all, (প্রথম কাজটি বোঝাতে) we have to be industrious. (e) Because (কারণ বোঝাতে) without hard work, success in life is impossible. (f) Moreover (অতিরিক্ত গুণ বোঝাতে) we should be sincere in our activities. Some people think that good luck is at the root of all achievements in life. (g) However, (বিপরীত মতামত বোঝাতে) to them nothing is further from truth than it. (h) In fact (বাস্তব সত্য বোঝাতে) every success in life depends totally on our activities. (i) If (শর্ত বোঝাতে) we spend time in idleness, we must suffer. (j) Therefore, (উপসংহার টানতে) we should be honest in life because this virtue helps us greatly to gain our goal. [CtgB 22]
8. Luna looks intelligent. (a) Besides, (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য যোগ করতে) she works hard on her studies. (b) However, (বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশ করতে) she seems to have poor test-taking skills. (c) As a result, (ফলাফল বোঝাতে) she often does badly in the exam. (d) For example, she repeatedly makes some strategic mistakes during a written test. (e) Firstly, (প্রথম সমস্যাটি বোঝাতে) she starts off really slowly. This initial slowness forces her to write too hurriedly towards the end, resulting in spelling and other mistakes. (f) Secondly, (দ্বিতীয় সমস্যাটি বোঝাতে) her answers are often too long. (g) Consequently, (ফলাফল বোঝাতে) she sometimes has to leave some questions unanswered because of time constraints. (h) Furthermore, (আরও একটি সমস্যা যোগ করতে) she never starts with the easier questions as other students do. (i) Instead, (আগের বাক্যের পরিবর্তে বোঝাতে) she answers questions sequentially beginning from the first one. (j) Therefore, (উপসংহার টানতে) these impractical habits of hers lead to poor time management during the exam. [DnjB 22]
9. The old sailor spoke so strangely (a) that the guest stood still. The feast began (b) and (দুটি কাজ একসঙ্গে ঘটছে বোঝাতে) the guest could hear the music and laughter, (c) but (বিপরীত ভাব বোঝাতে) for some reasons, he could not join the others. The old man told him about his last journey on the sea. They had sailed away to the south (d) until (কতক্ষণ ঘটেছিল বোঝাতে) they had arrived in the cold grey sea. (e) Even (এমন কী) the sea was frozen. (f) And the ice was all around them. The big sails opened wide (g) as (কারণ বোঝাতে) the strong wind blew them quickly through the icy waters. The weather was very cold. (h) Moreover, (অতিরিক্ত তথ্য যোগ করতে) there were no birds and animals in that snow-covered country. But one day the sailors saw an albatross flying towards the ship. All men were very pleased to see it and they gave it food and water. It came to the ship every day (i) whenever they called it. (j) But (বিপরীত ভাব বোঝাতে) one day, the old sailor killed the bird and after that, everyone had to undergo terrible suffering. [MB 22]